Which Type of Drainage Items used in Building construction | Uses of Drainage Items
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| WHICH TYPE OF DRAINAGE ITEMS USED IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION |
Key Topics Covered in below
- What is N-trap and their Uses.
- What is P-trap and their Uses.
- Complete information on bottle trap.
- Complete information on Manhole.
- Complete information on Gully trap according IS code.
- Complete information on inspection chamber according to IS code.
- Complete information on Soak pit.
- What is N-trap and their Uses:
"N-trap" likely refers to a type of plumbing trap used in building construction for drainage systems. Traps are designed to prevent sewer gases from entering buildings while allowing wastewater to flow through. The "N" in N-trap may refer to its shape or design. These traps are commonly used in plumbing systems for sinks, showers, and other fixtures to maintain hygiene and safety standards in buildings.
What is P-trap and their Uses:
- A P-trap is a plumbing fixture that traps water in a U-shaped pipe to prevent sewer gases from entering buildings while allowing waste water and solids to flow through.
- It is commonly used under sinks, basins, and other plumbing fixtures to create a barrier that prevents foul odors from coming back up through the drain.
- The design of the P-trap creates a water seal that effectively blocks sewer gases while still allowing water and waste to flow freely.
- Complete Information on Bottle trap:
- A bottle trap is a type of plumbing fixture used to maintain a water seal in the drain pipe of a plumbing fixture while also allowing for easy cleaning and maintenance.
- It is called a bottle trap because of its shape, which resembles a bottle lying on its side.
- Bottle traps are often used in situations where space is limited or where aesthetic considerations are important, such as in bathrooms and kitchens.
1.Design: A bottle trap typically consists of a curved pipe resembling the shape of a bottle, hence the name. It's usually made of PVC, ABS, or similar materials.
2.Inlet and Outlet: The trap has an inlet, which connects to the drain pipe coming from the sink or basin, and an outlet, which connects to the main drain pipe leading to the sewer system.
3.Water Seal: The curved shape of the trap holds a small amount of water, creating a seal that prevents sewer gases from passing through the trap and into the building. This water seal also helps to trap debris, preventing it from entering the main drain pipe and causing clogs.
4.Maintenance: Over time, the water in the trap can evaporate, potentially breaking the seal and allowing sewer gases to enter the building. Therefore, it's important to periodically check and refill the trap with water to maintain the seal.
5.Installation: Bottle traps are relatively easy to install and are commonly used in both residential and commercial plumbing systems. They come in various sizes to accommodate different types of fixtures and plumbing configurations.
6.Cleaning: Like any other plumbing fixture, bottle traps can become clogged with debris over time. Fortunately, most bottle traps are designed to be easily removable for cleaning or replacement.
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| Manholes |
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- In building construction, manholes are typically associated with plumbing and sewage systems. The Indian Standards (IS) code that governs the construction of manholes in building construction is IS 1742:1983,
1.Purpose:
- Manholes are constructed as part of building drainage systems to provide access for inspection, maintenance, and cleaning of sewer pipes, drains, and fittings.
2.Design Criteria:
- The design of manholes should consider factors such as the depth of the drainage system, anticipated loads (including pedestrian or vehicular traffic loads for manholes located in roads or driveways), and soil conditions.
- Manholes should be designed to withstand internal and external loads without distortion or failure.
Manholes
3.Materials:
- IS 1742:1983 specifies the materials suitable for constructing manholes, which typically include concrete, bricks, precast concrete components, and other durable materials.
- The materials used should be of good quality and resistant to corrosion, erosion, and chemical degradation.
4.Construction:
- The construction of manholes should adhere to the approved design and specifications provided in the code.
- Excavation for manholes should be carried out safely to prevent cave-ins and ensure worker safety.
- The code provides guidelines for constructing manhole chambers, bases, shafts, and covers, including dimensions, reinforcement requirements, and jointing methods.
5.Access Covers and Frames:
- Access covers and frames should be designed and installed according to the requirements specified in the code.
- Covers should be securely fastened to prevent unauthorized access and ensure safety for occupants or pedestrians.
- They should be designed to withstand the anticipated loads, including pedestrian or vehicular traffic loads for manholes located in driveways or pathways.
6.Installation:
- Manholes should be installed at the specified locations and depths to ensure proper functioning of the drainage system.
- Installation procedures should include backfilling, compaction, and surface restoration to maintain the structural integrity of the manhole and surrounding area.
7.Maintenance and Inspection:
- Regular maintenance and inspection of manholes are essential to ensure their proper functioning and longevity.
- Maintenance activities may include cleaning, desilting, debris removal, and repairs as needed.
- Inspection should be carried out to identify defects, blockages, leaks, or other issues that may require corrective action.
8.Safety:
- Safety measures should be implemented during the construction, maintenance, and inspection of manholes to prevent accidents, injuries, and hazards associated with working in confined spaces or near traffic.
- Complete Information on Gully tap according to IS code:
- The primary purpose of a gully trap is to prevent foul odors and gases from the public sewer system from entering buildings.
- It also serves to trap debris and prevent it from entering the sewer line, which helps to prevent blockages and maintain the efficiency of the drainage system.
- 2.Design and Construction:
- Gully traps are typically constructed of durable and non-corrosive materials such as concrete, PVC, or cast iron.
- According to IS 1742: 1983, gully traps should be constructed with a minimum diameter of 100 mm (4 inches) and a minimum depth of 300 mm (12 inches).
- The trap should have a water seal of at least 50 mm (2 inches) to prevent the passage of foul gases.
- The cover of the gully trap should be designed to withstand traffic loads and should be securely fitted to prevent unauthorized access.
- 3.Location and Installation:
- Gully traps should be located at the lowest point of a building's drainage system, such as at the base of soil and waste stacks or at the junction of horizontal and vertical drainage pipes.
- They should be installed at a sufficient depth below ground level to ensure proper drainage and to prevent surface water from entering the trap.
- The inlet and outlet pipes of the gully trap should be properly aligned and securely connected to the drainage system to prevent leaks and blockages.
- 4.Maintenance and Cleaning:
- Gully traps should be inspected regularly to ensure that they are functioning properly and are not blocked by debris or sediment.
- Any debris or sediment that accumulates in the trap should be removed periodically to prevent blockages and maintain the flow of wastewater.
- The cover of the gully trap should be kept securely closed to prevent the entry of foreign objects and to maintain the integrity of the trap's water seal.
- 5.Compliance with Standards:
- When designing, constructing, and installing gully traps, it is essential to comply with the requirements and specifications outlined in IS 1742: 1983 to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the drainage system.
- Adherence to these standards helps to ensure that gully traps meet the necessary quality and performance criteria and comply with relevant regulations.
Inspection chamber according to IS code:
- An inspection chamber, also known as a manhole chamber or access chamber, is a component of a drainage or sewer system that provides access for inspection, maintenance, and cleaning.
- IS codes provide guidelines and standards for the design, construction, and installation of inspection chambers to ensure their structural integrity, accessibility, and functionality.
- These standards typically include specifications for materials, dimensions, depth, and spacing of inspection chambers to ensure they meet the requirements of the specific application and local regulations.
1.Material: The inspection chamber components are usually made of precast concrete. The concrete used should conform to the specifications outlined in relevant Indian standards for concrete.
2.Design: The design of inspection chambers should consider factors such as load-bearing capacity, resistance to environmental conditions, and compatibility with the utilities it is intended to provide access to.
3.Dimensions: The dimensions of inspection chambers, including diameter, depth, and internal features, are specified in the standard. These dimensions may vary based on the application and local requirements.
4.Components: Inspection chambers typically consist of various components including base sections, riser sections, and cover slabs. Each component should be designed and manufactured to meet the specified standards and requirements.
5.Installation: The standard may include guidelines for the installation of inspection chambers, including proper bedding, backfilling, and sealing to ensure structural integrity and prevent infiltration of soil or groundwater.
6.Testing: Quality control measures, including testing of materials and finished components, may be specified in the standard to ensure that inspection chambers meet the required standards of strength, durability, and performance.
7.Accessories: The standard may also cover accessories such as steps, ladders, and sealing materials that may be required for safe and effective access to the inspection chamber.
Complete Information on Soak pit:-
- A soak pit, also known as a soak away or absorption pit, is a simple and environmentally friendly method of disposing of surface water or wastewater from buildings, paved areas, or septic tanks.
- It consists of a pit or trench filled with gravel, stones, or other porous materials that allow water to slowly percolate into the surrounding soil.
- Soak pits are commonly used in areas where there is no access to a centralized sewer system or where soil conditions are suitable for infiltration.
- They help to prevent waterlogging, erosion, and groundwater contamination by allowing excess water to be absorbed into the ground gradually.
1.Purpose: Soak pits are primarily used to manage the disposal of stormwater runoff from rooftops, paved areas, or other impermeable surfaces, as well as to treat and dispose of wastewater from septic tanks or sewage treatment systems. By allowing water to percolate into the ground, soak pits help to recharge groundwater, reduce surface runoff, and alleviate the burden on drainage systems
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2.Design Considerations:
- *Location: Soak pits should be located at a safe distance from buildings, wells, and other structures to prevent groundwater contamination. The site should have suitable soil conditions for infiltration.
- *Size: The size of the soak pit depends on factors such as the anticipated volume of runoff or wastewater, soil permeability, and local regulations. Generally, larger pits are required for areas with high rainfall or heavy usage.
- *Construction Material: Soak pits can be constructed using various materials, including bricks, concrete rings, precast concrete chambers, or permeable materials such as gravel or rubble. The choice of material depends on factors such as cost, availability, and site conditions.
- *Percolation Rate: The design should ensure that the percolation rate of the soil is adequate to accommodate the anticipated flow of water. Percolation tests may be conducted to assess soil permeability and determine the appropriate design parameters.
- *Overflow Provision: Provision should be made for excess water to overflow safely to prevent flooding or damage to the soak pit. This may involve installing overflow pipes or connecting the soak pit to a secondary drainage system.
3.Construction Process:
- Excavation: A pit of the required size and depth is excavated at the designated location.
- Lining: The sides of the pit may be lined with bricks, concrete rings, or other suitable materials to prevent collapse and facilitate infiltration.
- Inlet and Outlet: Inlet pipes are connected to convey stormwater or wastewater into the soak pit, while outlet pipes or overflow channels are installed to manage excess water.
- Backfilling: Once the pit is constructed, it is backfilled with a layer of coarse gravel or rubble to promote drainage and filtration.
- Covering: A suitable cover, such as a concrete slab or grating, is installed over the soak pit to prevent debris, animals, or unauthorized access.
4.Maintenance:
- Regular Inspection: Soak pits should be inspected periodically to ensure proper functioning and detect any signs of blockage or damage.
- Cleaning: Accumulated silt, debris, or grease should be removed from the pit as needed to maintain optimal performance.
- Repairs: Any leaks, cracks, or structural defects should be promptly repaired to prevent groundwater contamination and ensure the longevity of the soak pit.
5.Regulations and Guidelines:
- Local building codes, regulations, and guidelines may prescribe specific requirements for the design, construction, and maintenance of soak pits. Compliance with these regulations is essential to ensure safety, environmental protection, and legal compliance.
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